Which theory posits that attachment between a child and caregiver is biologically predisposed to enhance survival?

• A. Bowlby's Attachment Theory
• B. Piaget's Theory
• C. Bandura's Theory
• D. Erikson's Theory

Answer: (A)

Attachment behaviors are viewed as an evolved, biologically based system that motivates a young child to seek closeness to a caregiver for protection and care. This is the core idea of Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. He proposed that infants are born with innate signals—crying, clinging, social engagement—that elicit caregiving, increasing the infant’s chances of survival. The caregiver provides a secure base from which the child can explore and a safe haven to retreat to in distress. Over time, these bonds shape internal representations of relationships that influence later social and emotional functioning. The emphasis on biology, evolution, and the protective function of early bonds is why this theory best fits the description. Other theorists address different domains: Piaget focuses on cognitive development, Bandura on learning through observation, and Erikson on psychosocial tasks across life, not on an evolved attachment system.