Which condition is characterized by increased intraocular pressure resulting in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision?

• A. Macular Degeneration
• B. Cortical Visual Impairment
• C. Glaucoma
• D. Retina Detachment

Answer: (C)

The key idea is that glaucoma involves elevated intraocular pressure that gradually damages the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers, leading to progressive vision loss. When pressure builds up inside the eye, it hurts the optic nerve’s ability to function properly, so signals get lost and the visual field narrows, often starting with the peripheral vision. This description fits glaucoma, including how it can be painless and worsen over time if not treated, with treatment focusing on lowering the eye pressure to protect the optic nerve.

Macular degeneration affects central vision from macular degeneration of the retina, not primarily driven by eye pressure. Cortical visual impairment stems from brain-level damage to visual processing rather than the eye itself. Retinal detachment involves the retina physically pulling away from its support tissue, presenting with sudden symptoms like flashes, floaters, or a curtain over part of the vision, rather than gradual optic nerve damage from pressure.