Public Law 101-476, signed in 1990, added which two disability categories?

• A. Learning disability and emotional disturbance
• B. Traumatic brain injury and autism
• C. Visual impairment and hearing loss
• D. Speech or language impairment and ADHD

Answer: (D)

Public Law 101-476, the 1990 amendments to IDEA, added two disability categories to recognize specific instructional needs. The two categories are autism and traumatic brain injury. This shift acknowledged that these conditions require distinct criteria and specialized supports within the special education framework, helping schools provide tailored services and accommodations.

ADHD, while affecting learning and performance, is not a separate IDEA category. It is typically addressed under Other Health Impairment when the condition substantially impacts a student’s ability to participate in or benefit from education. The other options list groups that either were already recognized before 1990 or do not reflect the two new categories created by these amendments.